The Republic of Turkey is located astronomically between latitudes 35-42 degrees north of the equator, and longitudes 25-44 degrees east of the Greenwich line . It is located in the western part of the continent of Asia, and the eastern part of the continent of Europe, and what separates these two continents is the Bosphorus Strait , which is in the middle of Turkey; Thus, the continent of Europe is located on its western side, while the continent of Asia is located on its eastern side; This is what made Turkey's strategic location; It contributed to imposing its control over the strait between the seas: the Aegean, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea. Turkey shares its political borders with a group of countries and regions, namely: Bulgaria, the Black Sea and Georgia to the north, the Mediterranean Sea and Greece to the west, and it is bordered to the south by Iraq and Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea, and from the east it shares its borders with: Armenia Azerbaijan and Iran.
Geography of Turkey
The geographical nature of Turkey is diverse; The Turkish-European section is spread by a group of hills, and the Bosphorus strait extends in the center of Turkey. As for the Anatolian plateau, it is high and surrounded by a group of rugged mountains, many of whose peaks exceed 10,000 feet, the most famous of which is the summit of the Eastern Taurus Mountains, while Mt. Ararat, the highest mountain peak in Turkey; It reaches a height of 5,166 m.
A group of low lands with fertile soil extends on the coasts of the Mediterranean and Black Seas, and the Euphrates and Sakarya are among the most important Turkish rivers, and with regard to lakes, Lake Van is the largest lake in the country.
Turkey's climate
The climate in Turkey varies widely between regions and regions. Where the winter is rainy and mild in the coastal areas located on the southern side and the western side of the Anatolian plateau , while the summer is hot and dry, with high temperatures in the coastal areas of the Aegean Sea; It reaches the equivalent of 32 degrees Celsius, while the temperatures drop in the coasts of the Black Sea in the summer, reaching an average of 22 degrees Celsius. The annual rainfall in the coastal areas of the Mediterranean and the Aegean ranges between 50-75 cm, while the areas near the Black Sea have an annual rainfall of 250 cm.
People of Turkey
The population of Turkey in 2021 reached approximately 85,356,541 people. [5] Many people immigrated to Turkey with the aim of work, specifically from European countries. For this reason, the Turkish constitution states that there is an ethnic difference between the population; The population is of Turkish origin, 80%, and the Kurds constitute 20%. As for the other ethnic groups, they are distributed among the Turkmen, Circassians, and Arabs in small, unaccountable proportions.
Turkey's economy
Turkey depends in its economy on the application of the mixed economy, which combines government institutions and private institutions, which contributed to supporting economic development, and led to the transformation of the economy from an agricultural economy to an economy dependent on industry, and services, which are the most developed sectors; Almost half of the workforce in the twenty-first century worked in the service sector, while a quarter of the workforce was employed in each of the industrial and agricultural sectors. Until 1950, the Turkish state was keen to support industry and provide capital to promote the work of railways, freight facilities, and major industries, such as: metallurgy, production of chemicals, in addition to investing in the field of manufacturing industries, especially in the fields of: The political development in Turkey has contributed to increasing cooperation with foreign countries, but in 1970 the Turkish economy suffered from high rates of unemployment and inflation, with a deficit in foreign trade. Turkey has a variety of natural resources, the most important of which are: coal and oil; There is oil production on a small scale in the oil fields located within the southeastern region of Turkey, and the water resources there are also exploited to produce electricity. Iron is one of the most important mineral ores in Turkey.